New understanding of neutron stars, black holes, and gravity
In this newly finished paper, “From neutron and quark stars to black holes“, we obtained a new understanding about neutron star’s mass limit, microscopic physics of black holes, and emergent gravity from extended spacetime dimensions.
The new mirror matter model using the concept of staged quark condensation/decondensation predicts the mass limit of a neutron/quark star (less than 2.5 solar mass), which is compatible with observation and also consistent with the results in an earlier paper by applying the new mirror model in stellar nucleosynthesis. For more massive stars, the ever softer equation of state in 4D spacetime, resulting from more degrees of freedom set free from staged quark deconfinement/decondensation, will eventually cause a core collapse to a temperature above 1016 GeV. During the process, the 4D spacetime undergoes a phase transition to 2D spacetime with much reduced degrees of freedom to re-stabilize the star as a true 2D black hole (for Schwarzchild type) or as a boundary of spacetime in general.
Einstein’s 4D general relativity can then be simplified to R+2Λ=0 in 2D spacetime. Black holes present a case of true classical-quantum duality. Besides its classical/gravitational description, a black hole could also be viewed as a perfect fluid of free massless Majorana fermions and gauge bosons under the new supersymmetric mirror models. This gives rise to desired consistent results for the microphysics and structures of a black hole including its temperature, density, and entropy. The topological singularity at the event horizon of a black hole describes a dimensional transition of spacetime from 4D to 2D (for Schwarzchild type), which could be a realization of the so-called black hole firewall for solving the information paradox. Under the new framework, gravity is understood as a classical phenomenon that is emergent from the extended dimensions or the inflation of spacetime.
